Reading comprehension

Reading Comprehension 

Here are  providing some tips to answer the comprehension passage questions of during the exam.

• Go through the entire passage thoroughly.
• Scan the passage quickly and try to find the main idea and theme on which the comprehension passage is based.
• Underline the important information in the passage.
• Now, read the question and go back to the unseen passage to find the answer.
• Avoid copy-pasting the answer from the comprehension passage. Try to frame the answer in your own words.
• To answer the vocabulary-based questions, like synonyms, antonyms, phrases, idioms etc., replace the word with the meaning. If the meaning is the same, then the answer is correct.
• To answer multiple choice questions, go through all the options and then mark the correct answer.

Example 

Paragraph 1

Dolphins are regarded as the friendliest creatures in the sea and stories of them helping drowning sailors have been common since Roman times. The more we learn about dolphins, the more we realize that their society is more complex than people previously imagined. They look after other dolphins when they are ill, care for pregnant mothers and protect the weakest in the community, as we do. Some scientists have suggested that dolphins have a language but it is much more probable that they communicate with each other without needing words. Could any of these mammals be more intelligent than man? Certainly the most common argument in favor of man's superiority over them that we can kill them more easily than they can kill us is the least satisfactory. On the contrary, the more we discover about these remarkable creatures, the less we appear superior when we destroy them.

Questions

1. Why are dolphins regarded as the friendliest creatures in the sea?

2. What historical accounts support the idea that dolphins help humans?

3. How has our understanding of dolphin society changed over time?

4. In what ways do dolphins care for one another within their communities?

5. What is the scientific debate regarding dolphin communication?

Paragraph 2

It was the summer of 1936. The Olympic Games were being held in Berlin. I wasn't worried about all this. I'd trained, sweated and disciplined myself for six years, with the Games in mind. While I was going over on the boat, all I could think about was taking home one or two of those gold medals; I had my eye especially on the long jump. A year before I'd set the world record of 26 feet 8½ inches. Everyone expected me to win that Olympic event hands down (without difficulty).

I was in for a surprise. When the time came for the long jump trials, I was startled (surprised) to see a tall boy hitting the pit (jumping) at almost 26 feet on his practice leaps. He turned out to be a German named Luz Long. Every German was evidently hoping that he would win the jump. I too was determined to go out there and really prove myself.

1. What event was being held in Berlin during the summer of 1936?

2. How long had the narrator trained for the Olympic Games?

3. What was the narrator's main goal during the Olympic Games?

4. What specific event was the narrator focused on winning?

5. What world record had the narrator set a year before the Olympics?

6. How did the narrator feel upon seeing the tall boy during the long jump trials?

7. Who was the tall boy competing against the narrator in the long jump?

8. What distance was the tall boy achieving in his practice leaps?

9. What were the hopes of the German spectators regarding the long jump event?

10. What was the narrator determined to prove during the long jump competition?

Paragraph 3

In July 1976, my wife Mary, son Jonathan, 6, daughter Suzanne, 7, and I set sail from Plymouth, England, round the-world voyage made 200 years earlier by Captain James Cook. For the longest time, Mary and I a 37-year-old businessman - had dreamt of sailing explorer (adventurer). For the past 16 years we had spent all our leisure time travelling in British waters.

Our boat Wavewalker, a 23 metre, 30 ton wooden-framed beauty. We had spent months fitting it out and testing it in the roughest weather.The first leg of our planned three-year, 1,05,000 kilometre journey passed pleasantly. We sailed down the west coast of Africa to Cape Town. There, before heading east, we took on two crewmen American Larry Vigil and Swiss Herb Seigler - to help us tackle one of the world's roughest seas, the southern Indian Ocean. -On our second day out of Cape Town, we began to encounter strong gales (storms). The size of the waves was alarming - metres, as high as our main up to 15 mast.

1. In which month and year did the narrator and his family set sail on their voyage?

2. What was the starting point of their round-the-world voyage?

3. Who was the famous explorer whose voyage they were retracing?

4. What were the names and ages of the narrator's children at the time of the voyage?

5. What was the name of the narrator's boat?

6. What were the dimensions and type of the boat mentioned in the paragraph?

7. How long had the narrator and his wife been dreaming of a sailing adventure?

Dialogue Writing

Introduction

Dialogue Writing is an important skill in English. It involves writing conversations between people, which helps make stories more interesting. Dialogues need to be clear and to the point. They are used in novels, stories, and plays. Always use correct punctuation, such as exclamation marks and question marks, and put dialogues in quotation marks. Plato, a famous Greek philosopher, was one of the first to use dialogue in writing.

What is Dialogue Writing in English?

Dialogue Writing is about creating conversations between characters. Good dialogue makes stories engaging and memorable. It should be short, use correct punctuation, and be easy to understand. Each speaker’s lines should be in a new paragraph. Use quotation marks to show where the dialogue begins and ends.

Tips for Writing Good Dialogues

• 1. Keep It Short: Avoid long dialogues to keep readers interested.
• 2. Use Correct Tenses: Make sure the tenses match the time of the conversation.
• 3. Keep Language Simple: Use easy-to-understand words.
• 4. Include Multiple Speakers: Dialogue must involve at least two people.
• 5. Separate Speakers: Start a new paragraph for each new speaker.
• 6. Use Proper Punctuation: Place punctuation marks inside quotation marks.
• 7. Quotation Marks: Use quotation marks to show the start and end of a dialogue.
• 8. Use Dialogue Tags: Add commas to separate dialogue from tags and reflect the speaker’s tone and personality.

Examples of Dialogues

Planning a Vacation

   Aarush: “Hi Ravish! How are you? I’ve been waiting for an hour. Where were you?”

   Ravish: “Hey! I’m fine. Sorry, I was late because of the traffic.”

   Aarush: “No problem. Clean your hands and tell me about your job.”

   Ravish: “Thanks for reminding me. I’m not happy with my job. I work a lot and don’t get paid on time.”

   Aarush: “That’s tough. I’m thinking of taking a break from this busy life.”

   Ravish: “Me too! I have an idea.”

   Aarush: “What is it? You seem excited.”

   Ravish: “We have a week off this month. Let’s plan a vacation!”

   Aarush: “Great idea! We can invite Muskan, Avi, and Tanya. A group trip sounds fun.”

   Ravish: “Yes, we can go to Shimla or Mussoorie. It’s snowing there.”

   Aarush: “Perfect! I know a friend in Shimla who can help us find a good hotel.”

   Ravish: “I’m in! Let’s plan and book soon.”

   Aarush: “Let’s call the others and organize everything.”

   Ravish: “Sounds good. See you soon.”

   Aarush: “See you!”

Choosing a Course

   Student: “Good morning, Sir. How are you?”

   Teacher: “I’m fine, thank you. How can I help you?”

   Student: “I’m deciding which course to take during the vacation.”

   Teacher: “There are many options online. Make a list and choose based on your interests.”

   Student: “I’m choosing between Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and Data Science.”

   Teacher: “All are interesting, but you’ve always liked Artificial Intelligence.”

   Student: “Yes, I think it’s important for the future.”

   Teacher: “Then go for it. You can switch later if needed.”

   Student: “Great! Thanks for the advice.”

Graduation Plans

Riya: “I can’t believe we’re graduating tomorrow!”

 Jatin: “Time went by so fast. What are your plans after graduation?”

   Riya:“I got an internship at a well-known company.”

    Jatin: “That’s fantastic! It’s a great start for your career.”

   Riya: “I’m excited but a bit nervous.”

   Jatin: “You’ve worked hard. Enjoy the next steps.”

Exam Stress

Rahul: “I’m really stressed about the upcoming exams.”

   Yash: “Take a deep breath. You’ve prepared well.”

  Rahul: “I feel overwhelmed by so much material.”

   Yash: “Break it into smaller parts. It’s easier to handle.”

  Rahul: “You’re right. I’ll make a study plan.”

 Yash: “Also, remember to take breaks and take care of yourself.”

  Rahul: “Thanks for your help. I needed that.”

Planning a Birthday Party

 Ram: “I’m planning a surprise party for Shyam’s birthday.”

Raju: “That’s nice! How can I help?”

Ram: “I need help with decorations and the guest list.”

 Raju: “I’ll take care of it. We’ll make it special.”

 Ram: “Thanks! Shyam will be thrilled.”

  Raju: “Let’s start planning. It will be a great party!”

Practice Questions for Dialogue Writing

1. Write a dialogue between Manisha and her father discussing her career.

2. Write a dialogue between three friends talking about their teachers.

3. Write a dialogue between the Principal and the coordinator of Arya Public School discussing school renovations.

4. Write a dialogue between Amina and her brother about online exams.

5. Write a dialogue between Vijay and Mina discussing politics.

6. Write a dialogue between Ashu and his mother about social media.

Conclusion

Dialogue Writing helps bring conversations to life in stories. Keep dialogues short, clear, and engaging. Use proper punctuation and quotation marks to show who is speaking. Separate each speaker’s dialogue into new paragraphs to make it easy to follow.

Introduction of Novel

Introduction

Indian writing in English has made significant contributions in the field of novel writing. There have been numerous notable authors in history, including Raja Rao, Mulk Raj Anand, and R. K. Narayan. These are the authors who popularized and brought worldwide fame to this genre. In recent years, Indian authors of fiction have gained widespread recognition in the West. The majority have been lauded for their inventive use of English. Their works play a significant part in providing the Indian English Fiction a new image as a trendsetter. This book offers an examination of the evolution of Indian English fiction starting from its genesis to the present day.

Background of the period

This period is also compared with the Elizabethan period of English in England when new literature was born. Indian first learned to read and speak and comprehend ,and they soon started writing also… thus, The seed of Indian writing in English was sown during the period of British rule in India.

Now a days the seed blossomed into a large tree it’s ripe fruit and fragrance of flowers attracts not only Indian but also a Foreigners .Indian English literature also being chewed and digested by readers. There are many fingers who feeding this seed and made it ever green large tree. From the pamphlets to books many writing increase including the news papers many short stories… drama… and Novels started writing..

The Novel : Themes, Background and Types.

The Novel is an old form of the history of English literature. Novels was started during the time of Elizabethan age. The first English novel is Pamela by Richardson in 1740. Then the novel rapidly increase in 19th e field of English literature but ‘novel’ as a literary form is new to India. It was practically non-existance in the Indian language besides the Sanskrit novels, the first Indian novel appeared in 1864 and it is Bankimchndra chetarjee’s Rajmohan’s wife.

Background of the Novel

The urge for social reformer was an important theme in some early Indian English fiction, Matter or subject like the position of women, the decay of the old aristocracy and the plight of peasants.

The Indian English novel of the early 19th century was deeply influenced by the political, social and ideological ferment caused by the Gandhian movement. The novelists of the Gandhian age were so much preoccupied with the politics.

In those days freedom struggle, the landless poor, east west relationship. The communal problem, the plight of untouchable etc. these all very significant themes. K.S. Venkatarmani’s novel Marugan the Tiller was the first come up under this influence Bankimchandra’s first published Raj Mohan’s wife in 1864 meanwhile, Raj Laxmi Devi’s The Hindu wife was published in 1881. Besides it Kapalkundala, Vishvriksh, Anandmath, and Devi Chaudhrani and other novels appeared between 1866 to 1886.

Rabindranath Tagore was also Considerable novelist in India. Tagore achieved his first success with chokher Bali 1902. Many other his famous novels like Gora 1910, Naukadubi 1906, Gharebaire 1916, jogajog 1929 etc.,

Variety of theme and types:

•After the independence the more serious novelist has shown how the joy of freedom have been neutralized by the tragedy of Partition. The problem of choice of subject, the choice of the medium, the choice of technique, the choice of audience this problem of choice at various levels bristle with the endless difficulty.

Historical themes:

In the historical theme, novelists have depicted the rich and adventurous history and life of ancient India. Indian novelists were very well aware with the great lives and history India and they put their effort in novel with historic stories of great kings and queens. Most popular historic novels are "Ambapali", "Ajatshashtra" is the story of a dancer who has rejected the love of king and joined Buddha. A. S. P. Ayyer's "Chankya" and "Chandragupt" is also recaptured life in ancient India.

Novel on politics:

Some novelists covered the period of Second World War in India. The growing charm between the Hindu and Muslim communities and the Bengal hungers. N. S. Phadke's "Leaves in the August Wind", Novelists have also written about Gandhian Civil movement. Vankatramani's "Kandan - The Patriots" and Raja Rao's "Kanthapura" are great novels on Gandhian civil movement.

Theme of Partition:

One of the most satisfying imaginative records of the partition is Khushavant Singh's "Train to Pakistan." The whole horror is there but humanity and compassion are there too. In Balchadra Rajan's "The Dark Dancer" we also get glimpse of partition horrors.

Novel of Social Criticism:

Like the historical novels, social criticism is also important as a subject of novel, novelist took up the issues of social civilization and from society which is from a distinctive group. "The Lake of Palms" is structured of life in Bengal. T. Ramakrishna's "The Dive for Death" is woven around certain superstitions that wake cowards of the character.

These all are the various theme or subject matter of Novels. Some novels covered the second world war period in India, the growing charm between the Hindu and Muslim communities. Two of the best novels about the Gandhian civil disobedience movements in the early thirties are… K.S. Vankatrmani’s Kandan and Patriot and Raja Rao’s Kanthapura.

One of the most satisfying imaginative records of the partition is khushvant Singh’s ‘Train to Pakistan'1956 . Like the historical novels the social criticism and social protest also form a distinctive group. Ramesh chunder dutt's The lake of Palms is a study of social life in Bengal towards the close of the 19th century . T.Ramkrishna’s The dive for the Death is woven around certain superstitions.

Style and technique of Indian Novels

The Indian novelist is not usually attracted to the new techniques in plotting, narration or characterization. The stream of Conscious method of narration is hardly tried by the Indian novelist, except G.V.Desani’s all about H. Hatter. And Anita Desai’s cry the peacock and the Vices in the city.

Numberless novels are published and they are clearly of unequal quality. The best novels are not many but… there are some very good novels. Thus Indo Anglian literature continuous to grow and flourish with the great writers. There is three major novelist in pretty independence era of Indian writing in English.

(1)Mulk Raj Anand.(12dec. 1905 - 28sept. 2004)

Mulk Raj Anand was an Indian writer in English. He is admired for his novels and short stories, which have acquired the status of being classic works of modern Indian English literature.

Literary Style

Associated with communism, he used his novels to make broad attacks on various elements of India’s social structure and on British rule in India.

•Novels

-Untouchable 1935

-Two leaves and bud 1937

-The Village 1939

-Across the Black waters 1939

-The swoard and the sickle 1942

-The big Heart. 1945

-The private life of an Indian prince 1953

-The Road 1961.

He wrote autobiographies also and for the morning face 1968 he won the Sanity Academy Award. He was also recipients of the civilian honour of the Padma Bhushan Award.

“silent suffering and agony in Mulk Raj Annand’s Untouchable. “

- shailaja B.wadikar

(2)R.K.Narayan

Rasipuram Krishnaswami iyer Narayan swami

Narayan among the best known and most widely read Indian novelist who wrote in English and known for his works set in the fictional south Indian town of malagudi. Narayan highlights the social context and everyday life of his characters. He has been compared to William Faulkner who also created a similar fictional town and likewise explored with houmour and compassion the energy of ordinary life.

•Literary style

Narayan’s writing technique was unpretentious with a natural element of humour about it. It focused on ordinary people, reminding the reader of next door, neighbors and cousins.

Critics have considered Narayan to be the Indian Chekhov ,due to the similarities in their writings the simplicity and the gentle beauty and humour in Tragic situation. Critic have also noted that Narayan’s writings tend to be more descriptive and less analytical, the objective style, rooted in a, detached spirit, providing for a more authentic and realistic narration.

•Major Novels

-Swami and friends 1935

-The bachelor of Arts 1937

-The Dark Room 1938

-The English Teacher 1945

-Mr. Sampath 1948

-The financial experts 1952

-Waiting for Mahatma 1955

-The Guide 1958

-The Man eater of Malagudi 1961

-Talkative Man 1986

-Grandmother’s Tale 1992

In a career that spanned over sixty years Narayan received many awards and honours including the A c Benson Medal from the Royal society of literature, the Padma Bhushan and the Padma vibhushan and he also achieved India’s third and second highest Civilian Awards.

(3) Raja Rao (8nov 1908 – 8july 2006)

Raja Rao was an Indian writer of English language novels and short stories, whose works are deeply rooted in metaphysics.

•Novels

-Kanthapura 1938

-The serpent and the rope 1960

- The cat and the Shakespeare : A tale of India 1965

- Comrade Kirillov 1976

-The Chess Master and his moves 1988

The serpent and the rope a semi auto biographical Novel recounting a search for spiritual truth in Europe and India, established him as one of the finest Indian prose stylist and won him the sahity Academy Award in 1964.for the entire body of his work Rao was awarded the Neustadt international Prize for literature in 1988.

Conclusion

Indian English novels have come a long way since their inception, evolving from imitative works to a distinct and mature literary tradition. Authors like Mulk Raj Anand, R.K. Narayan, and Raja Rao laid the foundation for this genre, while contemporary writers like Salman Rushdie, Amitav Ghosh, and Arundhati Roy have continued to innovate and expand its boundaries. Today, Indian English literature is recognized globally, contributing significantly to the world of literature.

Personal pronouns

Introduction

Personal pronouns play a crucial role in the English language by allowing speakers and writers to refer to people, objects, and concepts without repetitively using proper nouns or names. These pronouns are versatile and efficient tools that facilitate clear communication by providing a means to indicate the person, number, gender, and case of the subject or object being discussed. This essay will delve into the four key factors that guide the use of personal pronouns—person, number, gender, and case—demonstrating how they contribute to effective communication.

Person

The concept of "person" in grammar refers to the point of view from which a sentence is written or spoken. There are three categories:

1. First-Person Pronouns: These pronouns, such as "I" and "we," refer to the speaker or writer. They are used when someone wants to express their thoughts, actions, or emotions directly. For example, "I believe in this idea" uses the first-person pronoun "I" to clearly identify the speaker as the one holding the belief.

2. Second-Person Pronouns: Pronouns like "you" are used to directly address the listener or reader. This creates an immediate connection between the speaker and the audience. For instance, "You should try this" directly involves the listener, making the statement more engaging. However, in formal writing, the use of second-person pronouns is often avoided due to its informal tone.

3. Third-Person Pronouns: These pronouns, including "he," "she," "it," and "they," refer to people or things other than the speaker and listener. Third-person pronouns are essential in narratives and descriptions where the speaker is not directly involved. For example, "She went to the store" clearly indicates that someone other than the speaker or listener performed the action.

Number: Singular and Plural

Personal pronouns also vary based on number, which indicates whether the pronoun refers to a single entity or multiple entities.

1. Singular Pronouns: Words like "I," "he," "she," and "it" are used to refer to one person or thing. Singular pronouns are vital for making clear distinctions between individuals or singular objects.

2. Plural Pronouns: Pronouns such as "we," "you" (when addressing more than one person), and "they" refer to multiple people or things. Plural pronouns are essential when discussing groups, as they simplify communication by allowing the speaker to refer to multiple entities without listing them individually.

Gender

Gender in personal pronouns refers to the pronoun's reflection of the gender of the person being referred to, or the absence of gender in the case of objects and concepts.

1. Masculine Pronouns: Pronouns like "he" and "him" are traditionally used to refer to males. These pronouns are important in contexts where the gender of the subject is known and relevant.

2. Feminine Pronouns: "She" and "her" are used to refer to females. Like masculine pronouns, feminine pronouns are essential in discussions involving known gender.

3. Neuter Pronouns: "It" is commonly used to refer to objects, concepts, or sometimes animals, indicating that the subject does not have a gender or that gender is not relevant.

4. Gender-Neutral Pronouns: The singular "they" has gained acceptance as a gender-neutral pronoun, particularly in contexts where gender is unknown or irrelevant, or when referring to individuals who do not identify strictly as male or female. This use promotes inclusivity and respect for diverse gender identities.

Case

The case of a pronoun determines its grammatical role in a sentence, whether it is the subject, object, or indicates possession.

1. Subject Pronouns: These pronouns (e.g., "I," "he," "she," "they") function as the subject of a verb, performing the action described in the sentence. For example, "They are going to the park" uses "they" as the subject performing the action.

2. Object Pronouns: Pronouns like "me," "him," "her," "us," and "them" serve as the object of a verb or preposition, indicating who or what is being acted upon. In "The teacher praised him," "him" is the object of the verb "praised."

3. Possessive Pronouns: Words such as "mine," "yours," "his," and "theirs" indicate ownership. They differ from possessive determiners (e.g., "my," "your") and stand alone to show possession, as in "This book is mine."

4. Reflexive Pronouns: Reflexive pronouns (e.g., "myself," "yourself") are used when the subject and object of the sentence are the same. For instance, "She prepared herself for the exam" uses "herself" to show that the subject is acting on itself. Reflexive pronouns can also be used for emphasis, as in "I did it myself."

Conclusion

Personal pronouns are indispensable tools in language, facilitating clear and effective communication by allowing speakers and writers to refer to people, objects, and concepts efficiently. Understanding the four factors—person, number, gender, and case—that govern their usage is crucial for mastering the use of personal pronouns. As language continues to evolve, so does the use of personal pronouns, reflecting broader cultural changes and the growing recognition of diverse gender identities. The proper use of personal pronouns is not only a matter of grammatical accuracy but also of cultural sensitivity and awareness, making it a vital aspect of modern communication.

Leaders in Indian Renaissance

 

Leaders of  Renaissance in India

Introduction

                                          

In the 19th century. India had lost of superstitions, blind firth, ignorance evil-customs and the cast system. People were narrow condition and conservative. The condition of woman worst. The evil curbstone like, female infanticide sari, lee-an on widow remarriage etc...........Were Reverend every where, As a result of English education those evile were supposed to be eradicate various movement for social and religious reforms were started. This reform's brought culture and religions awareness and as a result this Evert may be, consider as Indian renaissance, it is believed there it has been started by Raja ram Mohan roy.

The Influence of new Education

The perioud of 1835-1855 is consider as the perioud when the British influenced. The Indian in a layer context. This perioud also called the perioud of lord Macaulay who introduce education in English which increased as a fashion vogue day by day. This period is also compare with the Elizabethan period in England that is when a new literature was born. Indian people learning and spooking English and they soon started writing as well.

                             

 The new education system brought roped changing among people and make them similar to western. This is how people where highly effected by forging language. They made a move to wards new language and that is why Underneath Tagore who was conceded for native language went home to home and requested them not to change their Ventricular language in a crag of for-gin language.

 Raja Ram Mohan Roy / Brahmo Samaj

Rja Ram Mohan Roy had been attracted to the west he had been repelled by Hindu practices and believes. He was completely influence by Christianity. He informed " Brahma Samaj" in 1828. The samaj's works were to eradicate evil customs like " being sati, child Mirage, Dudhpiti, Dower, Remarrige" by etc... His work was continued by prince dwarrakanth tegore and them his son maharishi Evenhanded Tagore. The members of this samaj had taken seven Vows wise. To best perform to good to worship only the crater not the object to share love among the people , to perform right deeds to keep oneself away from curious deeds in mistake one should to redemption to follow the duties with great faith in god.

It is said that after raja Ram Mohan Roy, is havar chandra Vijayanagar be came the most powerful social reformer of this Samaj. There are many other reformer who contributed there affairs in this Samaj like Chandrasekhar sen, Ana and Mohegan Bose and akshay markup data.

Swami dayanand Saraswati / Aryan Samaj 

   One of the important figure swami Dayanand Saraswati was Hindu leader from the panjab and the founder of arya Samaj. This Samaj had various important leader who gave there west effect to reform the society. They tried to effect a marriage of Indian and the west to build a bridge between Hindu spirituality and christian thoughts, to again in short the best of both worlds. He wanted only a return to Hinduism in its video simplicity, clarity and spirituality also purification of souls.

To purify and to preserve Hinduism were Dayanand's cardinal objectives and to achieved this ends he organized the Arya Samaj in 1857 Praise, prarthana and Up as an a were to be the work was continued by lata HansRaj, Swami Shraddhanand and Lara lajpat Rai. It is said that the arya Samaj has remained a power ever today.

Prarthana Samaj

Some of the leader however organizes the movement for religious reforms in Rimhay and therefore prasthana Samaj which is less electric then the Brahmo Samaj and less militant then the arya Samaj Pune and Bombay work important intellectual eentre of this Samaj During the second half of the 19th century and that is why it made cosmopolitan atmosphere in Bombay. Which made it unique among the cities of India. The important leaders like Paramhansa Sabha and he laid the Prarthana Samaj in 1867 two names are vary Kashinath telang . Telang and Mahadev Govind Ranade.

Kashinath Telang

He is one of the remarkable figure of the renaissance. He is the men of vast reading . He read in English and Sanskrit and translated many books his a speaking and writing’s on regal, literary educational, social, religious and political problems were marked by simplicity and lucidify as he was as luger. He couldn’t ributed a number of advantages to Indian people so far as the literature is concern.

Mahadev Ranade

He was a poor headmaster whose discipline was Gopal Krishna Gokhale who carried forward the work of his masler. Rande was scholar, economist and who belief that the varied races of India could really fuce into the nation. His activities were many could the prarthana Samaj the phone sarvajanik sabha . The oratory an encouragement society the Indian national, congress. He taught history, Geography, English poetry , mathematics, logic and economics and contributed wrticats to the “ Indian prakash “ he was just like a prince among man.

 The Theosophical society

This society or Samaj was a western attempt to fuse with the springs of Indian spirituality it was founded al new york in 1875 by Madame Blavatsky, Ilcottand William.q.Judge later on this society shifted to madrasa in 1878 and has since functioned from there.